Over The Counter Adderall - The Best Adderall Alternatives
August 4, 2023
The human brain is a marvel of biological engineering, a finely-tuned orchestra conducting the symphony of our daily lives. However, for those grappling with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), this symphony can often feel more like a cacophony, making tasks that require focus seem mountainous. That's where medications like Adderall come into play, but not everyone has access to it, or wants to deal with its potential side effects. Over-the-counter Adderall alternatives are therefore both helpful and needed.
Many people are exploring avenues beyond prescription drugs, seeking over-the-counter (OTC) alternatives to Adderall to aid cognitive performance, manage ADHD symptoms and better manage narcolepsy. We'll guide you through the labyrinth of OTC stimulants, nootropic supplements, and lifestyle modifications available as potential alternatives. We'll assess their benefits, risks, legality and the available scientific evidence.
Bear in mind, we aren't promoting self-diagnosis or self-medication. This article highlights potential alternatives and equips you with the knowledge needed to make informed decisions.
Overall Verdict - Best OTC Adderall Alternatives
NooCube
BEST ADDERALL ALTERNATIVE
4.9 / 5 Stars
Mind Vitality
BEST FOR FOCUS
4.8 / 5 Stars
Nooceptin
BEST FOR CLARITY
4.8 / 5 Stars
Understanding Adderall: A Medical Perspective
At its core, Adderall is a combination of amphetamine salts, encompassing dextroamphetamine and levoamphetamine, both powerful central nervous system stimulants[1]. The medication's primary use resides in the field of neurology, particularly as a frontline therapeutic strategy for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)[2].
Adderall serves to rectify the imbalance of neurotransmitters in the brain, significantly dopamine and norepinephrine[3]. It enhances the concentration of these neurotransmitters, thereby improving focus, reducing impulsivity, and elevating energy levels, effectively putting the "pause" button on the whirlwind of distractions for those grappling with ADHD[4].
However, let's not gloss over the fact that Adderall, while being a boon for many, can carry a cargo of potential side effects. These can range from relatively benign, yet bothersome issues such as insomnia, dry mouth, and loss of appetite, to more serious complications such as high blood pressure, rapid heart rate, and mood changes[5].
Moreover, the danger escalates when Adderall is used without a medical prescription, a concerningly prevalent practice often seen among students aiming for cognitive enhancement. This misuse can lead to addiction and serious heart problems, owing to its stimulant properties[6].
The inherent risks accompanying Adderall use make it a prescription-only medication, underlining the necessity for professional medical oversight when it's used[7]. It's therefore evident why many individuals seek alternatives to Adderall - to enjoy the benefits of increased focus and reduced impulsivity, without diving headfirst into a sea of potential side effects and risks[8].
Why People Look for Over-The-Counter and Nootropic Alternatives to Adderall
Some individuals seek over the counter Adderall alternatives due to the unavailability of a prescription, while others are seeking to avoid the side effects of Adderall [81]. The fear of dependency or addiction associated with long-term use of Adderall may also push people to explore other options [9].
Then there's the cohort using Adderall for off-label purposes, such as enhancing cognitive performance, despite not having an ADHD diagnosis. This is notably prevalent in highly competitive environments like academia, where the pressure to perform can be immense [10]. In such scenarios, individuals often seek OTC or nootropic alternatives as they are perceived as safer or more accessible.
However, it's crucial to highlight that using Adderall without a prescription can be a high-stakes gamble. Besides the legal implications, the health risks are significant. Unsupervised consumption can lead to dangerous physical effects like hypertension, irregular heartbeat, and even more severe cardiovascular events. From a psychological perspective, misuse may result in anxiety, paranoia, and a potentially severe addiction [11][12].
Also, the non-medical use of Adderall can have a disruptive impact on one's sleep patterns and overall mental health, leading to issues like insomnia and mood swings [13]. Such misuse can also create a false sense of dependency, tricking the brain into believing it can't function optimally without the drug [14].
What Does Over-The-Counter (OTC) Mean?
"Over-the-counter" (OTC) is a term used to describe medicines that can be bought without a prescription. These are typically medications used for treating a variety of common health issues, such as headaches, colds, allergies, and minor skin conditions. They are deemed safe and effective for public use when used as directed, thus not requiring a doctor's prescription [15].
Prescription medications, like Adderall, are different. They are intended to treat more complex or serious conditions and require the oversight of a healthcare provider. These medications are prescribed when a doctor deems it necessary for a patient's health. The provider will weigh the potential benefits and risks before prescribing these medications [16].
The key difference between OTC and prescription drugs lies in the severity of the conditions they're used to treat and the potential for misuse or harm. Prescription medications often carry more potent active ingredients or have a higher risk of side effects, hence the necessity of professional oversight [17].
Some prescription drugs carry a risk of addiction and are classified as controlled substances. This is the case with Adderall, which is why it's not available OTC. Taking it without a proper prescription is illegal and can lead to severe health risks, including addiction and adverse cardiovascular events [18].
OTC drugs, by contrast, are generally recognized as safe for the majority of the population, as long as they are used according to the manufacturer’s instructions. They are easily accessible and can be found in pharmacies, supermarkets, and online marketplaces. However, like all medications, OTC drugs can still cause side effects, so consumers are advised to read the label carefully [19].
The convenience of OTC drugs can be appealing, they cannot and should not be used as alternatives to prescription medications without consultation with a healthcare provider [20]. However, they can be a more readily available alternative for those without a prescription, or for those who wish to avoid potential side effects present in prescription drugs like Adderall.
Legal Implications of Over-The-Counter Adderall Alternatives
When talking about the legality of over-the-counter (OTC) Adderall alternatives, it's important to understand that there is no legal OTC version of Adderall. This is due to Adderall's classification as a Schedule II controlled substance under the Controlled Substances Act [21]. The use of Adderall without a valid prescription is illegal and may have serious legal repercussions, including fines and imprisonment.
In the search for alternatives, many may come across products marketed as 'legal' or 'natural' replacements for Adderall. It is crucial to note that these products are not regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and their safety, effectiveness, and the validity of their claims have not been verified [22].
Common Over-The-Counter Stimulants
Over-the-counter (OTC) stimulants are substances that can increase certain types of brain activity, leading to heightened alertness, attention, and energy. While they are not as potent or controlled as prescription stimulants like Adderall or more comprehensively formulated supplements, for some people they can be relevant to consider as part of a wider treatment strategy.
- Caffeine: Probably the most commonly consumed stimulant worldwide, caffeine can be found in everyday beverages like coffee and tea, as well as in energy drinks and certain OTC medications [23]. It works by blocking adenosine receptors in the brain, which prevents the onset of drowsiness and enhances alertness and cognitive function [24]. Despite its widespread use, excessive caffeine intake can lead to side effects such as restlessness, insomnia, and in severe cases, caffeine intoxication [25].
- Nicotine: Found in tobacco products, nicotine is a stimulant that affects the release of various neurotransmitters, including dopamine, which is associated with feelings of pleasure and reward [26]. However, it's important to note that nicotine is highly addictive and linked to a multitude of health risks, including heart disease and cancer. Therefore, it is not recommended as an alternative to Adderall [27].
- Guarana: Native to the Amazon, guarana is a plant known for its high caffeine content. Its seeds can contain up to four times the amount of caffeine found in coffee beans. Guarana is often found in energy drinks and dietary supplements and can boost energy and cognitive performance. However, like caffeine, excessive consumption can lead to similar side effects [28].
- Ginseng: Ginseng is a medicinal plant used for centuries in traditional medicine. Some research suggests that it can improve mental function, reduce fatigue, and boost the immune system [29]. However, the research on ginseng's efficacy as a cognitive enhancer is inconclusive, and more rigorous studies are needed to establish its potential benefits and risks [30].
While these OTC stimulants can provide temporary boosts in energy and attention, none of them are comprehensive substitutes for Adderall, which is a medication specifically designed and prescribed for treating ADHD and narcolepsy.
The World of Nootropics: Smart Drugs as Adderall Alternatives
Nootropics, or "smart drugs," encompass a wide range of substances known to enhance cognitive performance, similar to the effects sought from medications like Adderall. They offer a potential alternative for those looking to improve focus, memory, and mental agility without a prescription.
Nootropics: Understanding the Basics
Nootropics, a term derived from Greek, means "towards the mind." These substances, both synthetic and naturally derived, are designed to boost mental performance [31]. They have gained significant attention as potential alternatives to prescription drugs like Adderall, which are typically used to manage conditions like ADHD but can have substantial side effects [32].
Nootropic Types and Their Potential as Adderall Alternatives
- Synthetic Nootropics: These include compounds like Modafinil and Phenylpiracetam, designed to enhance alertness and cognitive function. Modafinil, for instance, promotes wakefulness and is sometimes used off-label for cognitive enhancement [33].
- Dietary Nootropics: Certain dietary supplements, such as Omega-3 fatty acids, have been shown to support brain health and cognitive function [34]. B vitamins, particularly B6, B9, and B12, also play critical roles in brain health and are considered cognitive enhancers [35].
- Herbal Nootropics: Herbs like Bacopa Monnieri and Ginkgo Biloba have long histories in traditional medicine. Bacopa Monnieri, for example, has shown potential in improving memory and cognitive function [36].
- Nutraceuticals: This category includes naturally occurring substances like caffeine, known for its stimulating effects. When paired with L-theanine, an amino acid found in tea, it can improve attention while reducing the jittery side effects caffeine sometimes produces [37].
Benefits and Risks of Nootropics as Adderall Alternatives
Nootropics promise a range of benefits, similar to those sought from Adderall, such as enhanced memory, attention, and mood. However, the effectiveness of these substances varies, and while some nootropics have substantial supporting evidence, others require more research [38].
Natural Alternatives to Adderall
While Adderall is effective in treating conditions like ADHD, its side effects and potential for misuse might lead individuals to explore natural alternatives. These can include dietary and lifestyle modifications, herbal supplements, and mindfulness practices, all of which have shown potential to boost cognitive function and overall mental health.
Dietary Changes and Supplements
Specific nutritional supplements and dietary changes can enhance cognitive function, potentially providing a natural alternative to Adderall. Omega-3 fatty acids, for instance, have shown to promote brain health and cognitive function [39]. A balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and lean proteins can also contribute to improved brain function [40].
Herbal Alternatives
Certain herbal supplements have shown potential as natural cognitive enhancers. Ginkgo Biloba, for example, is a popular supplement known to improve mental clarity and focus [41]. Rhodiola Rosea, a traditional medicine in Eastern Europe and Asia, has been suggested to reduce mental fatigue and enhance cognitive function [42].
Lifestyle Changes
Engaging in regular physical exercise is associated with numerous cognitive benefits, including improved memory, attention, and problem-solving skills [43]. Maintaining a regular sleep schedule is also crucial to cognitive performance and overall health [44].
Additionally, mindfulness practices such as meditation can significantly benefit cognitive function. Regular meditation has been linked with improved attention, memory, and stress management [45].
It's important to understand that these alternatives may not be suitable for everyone, especially for those diagnosed with ADHD or other cognitive disorders.
While Adderall is a proven treatment for conditions like ADHD, natural alternatives can offer benefits with potentially fewer side effects. Research is ongoing, and individual responses can vary, highlighting the importance of personalized approaches to cognitive enhancement [46].
Non-Stimulant Medications for ADHD
While stimulant medications like Adderall are commonly used to treat ADHD, non-stimulant alternatives have emerged as viable options. Notably, Atomoxetine, Guanfacine, and Clonidine have shown potential for managing symptoms of ADHD and may be better suited to certain individuals.
Atomoxetine
Atomoxetine, sold under the brand name Strattera, is a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (NRI) approved for ADHD treatment in adults and children. It works by increasing levels of norepinephrine, a neurotransmitter responsible for maintaining attention and controlling impulses [47].
Guanfacine
Guanfacine, marketed as Intuniv, is a non-stimulant ADHD medication primarily used in pediatric cases. It modifies the functioning of certain receptors in the brain, reducing impulsivity and improving working memory and attention [48].
Clonidine
Clonidine, known as Kapvay, is another non-stimulant medication that works on alpha-2 adrenergic receptors to alleviate ADHD symptoms. Originally developed as a high blood pressure medication, Clonidine has shown promise in reducing impulsivity, inattention, and hyperactivity [49].
Lifestyle Changes
Lifestyle modifications can supplement pharmacological treatments for ADHD. Regular physical exercise has been shown to improve cognitive function and reduce symptoms of ADHD [50]. Similarly, mindfulness techniques like meditation can assist in managing ADHD symptoms by improving attention span and reducing impulsivity [51].
It is important to note that while these non-stimulant medications can be effective, they may not be suitable for everyone. The choice between stimulant and non-stimulant treatment should be guided by an individual's specific symptoms, tolerance for side effects, and overall health condition [52]. As with all medical interventions, further research is needed, and personalized approaches should be taken into account [53].
Non-Pharmacological Interventions for Managing ADHD Symptoms
Managing ADHD symptoms is not always a matter of pharmacological intervention. In fact, several non-pharmacological methods have been shown to be effective in managing ADHD symptoms, including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Gestalt therapy, and other therapeutic interventions.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
CBT is a form of therapy that assists individuals in understanding and changing thought patterns that lead to harmful actions or feelings. In the context of ADHD, CBT helps people to develop coping strategies to handle their symptoms, such as difficulty focusing or hyperactivity. Studies suggest CBT can be an effective tool for managing ADHD symptoms, especially when combined with medication [54].
Gestalt Therapy
Gestalt therapy is a form of psychotherapy that emphasizes personal responsibility and focuses on the individual's experience in the present moment. This therapy encourages self-awareness and self-acceptance, which can be beneficial in managing ADHD symptoms. Although more research is needed, some findings suggest that Gestalt therapy can help improve self-control and reduce impulsivity in individuals with ADHD [55].
Other Therapeutic Interventions
Other therapeutic interventions, such as mindfulness-based therapies, neurofeedback, and social skills training, may also help manage ADHD symptoms. Mindfulness-based therapies can improve attention and reduce impulsivity [56], while neurofeedback aims to alter brain waves associated with attention and impulse control [57]. Social skills training can help individuals with ADHD improve their interactions with others, reducing the social impact of their symptoms [58].
The utilization of non-pharmacological interventions should be considered within a comprehensive treatment plan for ADHD. These methods can be particularly beneficial when tailored to the individual's needs and used in conjunction with other treatment modalities. The decision to use these methods should always be made in consultation with a healthcare provider or mental health professional [59,60,61].
Risks and Benefits of Using OTC Alternatives to Adderall
Over-the-counter (OTC) alternatives to Adderall, like dietary supplements and natural stimulants, come with their own set of potential risks and benefits. Let's dig deeper into this topic to allow you to make an informed decision about your health.
Potential Side Effects
OTC stimulants such as caffeine and nicotine may cause side effects such as insomnia, nervousness, restlessness, stomach irritation, nausea, vomiting, increased heart rate, and blood pressure [62]. Certain herbal supplements like ginkgo biloba may interact with medications and cause side effects like headache, dizziness, or gastrointestinal issues [63].
Moreover, some nootropics may have side effects, especially when used at high doses. For instance, piracetam has been associated with headaches, insomnia, and nervousness [64]. It's essential to remember that while these substances are available without a prescription, they are not without potential risks.
Potential Benefits
On the positive side, OTC alternatives may offer several benefits. For example, caffeine can improve mental alertness, concentration, and cognitive performance [65]. Some natural supplements like ginkgo biloba and ginseng have been found to improve cognitive function and may be beneficial for those with ADHD [66].
Nootropics, also known as "smart drugs," are another category of substances that may enhance cognitive function. Studies have shown that certain nootropics can enhance memory, attention, and other cognitive processes [67].
1. NooCube - Best Adderall Alternative Overall
A comprehensively formulated and clinically proven nootropic supplment, NooCube is DBEM's recommended over-the-counter Adderall alternative.
As individuals constantly seeking effective, over-the-counter alternatives to Adderall, we find NooCube to be a compelling option. This is especially true for those among us grappling with ADHD symptoms. The product harnesses the potency of various clinically validated ingredients, offering a wide array of cognitive benefits.
Our experience with NooCube reveals its multifaceted capability to boost mental acuity and focus, alongside energy levels. More than that, it helps foster a positive life perspective, a crucial element for individuals managing ADHD.
As we continued our use of NooCube, we noticed an amplified ability to organize thoughts, maintain focus on tasks, and retain mental coherence. It showed potential in quickening reflexes, which is beneficial in activities that demand rapid responses. We also found ourselves experiencing enhanced memory recall, spatial awareness, and mindfulness, resulting in a spike in our overall productivity and well-being.
Cons
- LuteMax 2020
- Bacopa Monnieri (250mg)
- Huperzine A (20mg)
- Pterostilbene (140mcg)
- Resveratrol (14.3mg)
- L-theanine (100mg)
- L-tyrosine (250mg)
- Alpha GPC (50mg)
- Oat straw
- Cat’s claw
- Vitamin B1 (1.1mg)
- Vitamin B7 (50mcg)
- Vitamin B12 (2.5mcg)
What sets NooCube apart is its 100% natural, non-toxic formula. It cleverly incorporates 13 renowned nootropic ingredients. One example is Bacopa Monnieri, a herb known for improving response times and cognitive function.
Alpha GPC is another component in NooCube that we appreciate. It boosts the production of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter that's vital for memory and learning. Ingredients like L-theanine and L-tyrosine bring added benefits, including mood elevation, improved attentiveness, and stress and fatigue reduction.
In our assessment, the inclusion of Huperzine A and oat straw extract, known for boosting memory and enhancing alertness respectively, really solidifies NooCube's standing. Further, antioxidant-rich polyphenols like Resveratrol and pterostilbene help combat age-related cognitive decline.
With these ingredients combined, we found NooCube to deliver robust nootropic effects. It promoted our cognitive performance, enhanced focus, energy levels, and even showed signs of mitigating aging effects. A recent addition, Lutemax 2020, supports attention, verbal memory, processing speed, and stress response, critical for managing ADHD symptoms.
Summary
2. Mind Vitality - Best For Focus
A comprehensively formulated and clinically proven nootropic supplment, NooCube is DBEM's recommended over-the-counter Adderall alternative.
We began using Mind Vitality as an over-the-counter alternative to Adderall, commonly prescribed for ADHD. Immediately, we noticed a distinct uplift in our mental energy and stamina, crucial for those of us managing ADHD symptoms. Unlike Adderall, which can cause uncomfortable side effects, Mind Vitality helped enhance our productivity and focus without any jitters or crashes.
Mind Vitality also proved a valuable aid in resilience against stress. ADHD often brings with it heightened levels of anxiety, and this supplement effectively helped us maintain a balanced emotional state even in high-pressure situations.
One of the standout benefits was an improvement in memory and learning capabilities. We found it especially supportive in managing the ADHD-related challenges with memory recall and focus during learning. This supplement seemed to provide the support we needed for better recall and effective learning.
Lastly, the mood enhancement was significant. Many of us deal with mood swings related to ADHD, and Mind Vitality offered a welcomed uplift in our overall mood. This led to an increased sense of well-being, a benefit not often provided by conventional ADHD medications.
Cons
- Lion’s Mane (500mg)
- Bacopa Monnieri (300mg)
- N-Acetyle L-Tyrosine (250mg)
- Choline (250mg)
- Ashwagandha (200mg)
- Rhodiola Extract (200mg)
- Ginseng Korean (100mg)
- Phosphatidylserine (100mg)
- Mucuna Extract (75mg)
- Pine Bark Extract (75mg)
- Ginkgo Biloba (50mg)
- Huperzia Serrata (200mcg)
- B1 (Thiamine HCL) (100mg)
- B3 (Niacin) (12.5mg)
- Vitamin B6 (5mg)
- Vitamin B9 (100mcg)
- Vitamin B12 (5mcg)
When we started testing Mind Vitality as an over-the-counter Adderall alternative, we were drawn to its extensive mix of 17 nootropics. Here's our take on the ingredients, their doses, and how we believe they've collectively contributed to our cognitive enhancement.
Lion's Mane, is included at 500mg. It's known for its cognitive enhancement capabilities. We noticed some benefits in our mental clarity and recall, although it's difficult to directly attribute this to one ingredient.
Bacopa Monnieri, at 300mg, is reputed for its memory-enhancing and stress-resistance properties. During our trial, we did feel more resilient and mentally sharp. The 250mg of N-Acetyl L-Tyrosine is tied to increased focus and alertness. While using Mind Vitality, we experienced an uptick in our attention levels. This was probably also down to choline, dosed at 250mg. Choline plays a vital role in cognition and attention. We found our focus to be enhanced during our trial, which aligns with what choline promises and our previous experiences with this ingredient.
Ashwagandha, provided at 200mg, is a renowned adaptogen. We observed some anxiety reduction during our trial period. It's hard to pinpoint whether Ashwagandha alone was responsible, but it likely contributed.
Rhodiola Extract at 200mg, Korean Ginseng at 100mg, Phosphatidylserine at 100mg, Mucuna Extract at 75mg, Pine Bark Extract at 75mg, and Ginkgo Biloba at 50mg collectively may have contributed to our enhanced energy levels, mental clarity, and cognitive function.
Huperzia Serrata at 200mcg is linked to increased acetylcholine levels, leading to better mental function. We did notice a bit more mental sharpness. And lastly, the blend of vitamins B1, B3, B6, B9, B12 supports overall brain health and energy levels. While they're essential for normal brain function, it's tough to measure their immediate impact but it's reassuring to see them included at optimal levels.
Summary
3. Nooceptin - Best For Clarity
Nooceptin, by SAP Nutra, is gaining attention as a compelling over-the-counter alternative to Adderall, known for boosting cognitive performance and overall brain health.
Looking for an over-the-counter alternative to Adderall? Nooceptin by SAP Nutra might just be what you need. It's been grabbing attention for its role in supercharging brain function and boosting overall brain health.
For those struggling with ADHD symptoms, Nooceptin could provide a solution. We found improved memory, better focus, reduced stress and anxiety, plus it seemed to kick-start the growth of new brain cells and strengthen connections between neurons. Nooceptin might be your ticket to unlocking your brain's full potential, and some research suggests it might even help with Alzheimer's Disease.
Nooceptin works its magic through six key pathways. It improves blood flow to the brain, helping brain cells get the oxygen and nutrients they need for clearer thinking. It stimulates growth on neurons, reinforcing connections and giving your brain a power boost. The supplement also increases neurotrophic factors, essential for the development and maturation of new brain cells. Nooceptin also increases acetylcholine levels, a neurotransmitter important for focus, learning, and processing information. Plus, it helps with memory and protects the brain against the harmful effects of stress and anxiety.
Cons
- Lion’s Mane (400 mg)
- Citicoline (200 mg)
- Rhodiola Rosea (150 mg)
- L-Theanine (200 mg)
- Bacopa Monnieri Extract (150 mg)
- Ginkgo Biloba Extract (100 mg)
- Panax Ginseng (200 mg)
Nooceptin doesn't shy away from showing what included. Its transparent formulation includes natural ingredients known for their brain-boosting benefits, such as Citicoline, Rhodiola Rosea, Bacopa Monnieri, L-Theanine, Ginkgo Biloba, Lion's Mane, and Panax Ginseng.
Citicoline is essential for building cell membranes. Rhodiola Rosea helps cognitive function, fights mental fatigue and improves resistance to stress. Bacopa Monnieri, a traditional Ayurvedic herb, is well-known for its cognitive-enhancing properties. L-Theanine, found mainly in green tea, promotes relaxation, reduces stress, and sharpens focus. Ginkgo Biloba helps improve memory, cognitive function, and blood flow to the brain. Lion's Mane helps stimulate nerve growth factor production, improves cognitive function and protects against neurodegenerative diseases. Panax Ginseng, a famous adaptogenic herb, improves cognitive function, reduces mental fatigue, and enhances resistance to stress.
Summary
By improving focus and reducing stress, Nooceptin could help increase productivity and reduce feelings of stress or anxiety - both of which can help relieve ADHD symptoms and improve focus. With its potent mix of natural ingredients and scientifically-backed benefits, it's an excellent choice for anyone looking for an over-the-counter Adderall alternative, while also supporting long-term brain health.
4. Vyvamind - Best For Performance Under Pressure
For those seeking an over-the-counter Adderall substitute, VyvaMind's sharp focus on enhancing cognitive performance makes it an exceptional choice, especially for those tackling high-pressure tasks.
In our work evaluating suitable over-the-counter alternatives to Adderall, we crossed paths with VyvaMind. Initially, there was an air of skepticism - could a nootropic supplement with such a focused ingredient profile offer comparable cognitive benefits? However, our experience soon dismissed our doubts, revealing VyvaMind as a valuable ally for those of us looking to bolster focus and cognitive function.
Cons
- L-Tyrosine (300 mg)
- Citicoline (200 mg)
- L-Theanine (150 mg)
- Caffeine (75 mg)
- Vitamin B6 (2.5 mg)
- Vitamin B12 (50 mcg)
Unpacking VyvaMind, we were greeted with a list of six carefully selected ingredients. There was an air of simplicity to it, but we were soon to discover the substantial impact it had on our cognitive abilities. Being skeptics by nature, we cross-referenced these ingredients with scientific research to ensure their efficacy, and the results were indeed promising.
One standout ingredient for us was Citicoline, not commonly found in many other nootropic supplements. Research has associated it with long-lasting energy levels and focus, something we experienced first-hand. We noted a palpable lift in our ability to concentrate for extended periods, making those high-focus tasks seem less daunting. In fact, scientific literature suggests that Citicoline could have significant benefits for long-term brain health, making it an ideal ingredient for an Adderall substitute (Silveri et al., 2008)1.
VyvaMind's careful calibration of caffeine was another element that earned our nod of approval. With just 75mg per serving, it provided that slight stimulant push we often need, without leading to the uncomfortable jitteriness or crash that higher caffeine doses can trigger - a balance akin to the stimulant effect of Adderall.
B vitamins, another component of VyvaMind, are well-documented for their role in improving memory and mood (Kennedy, 2016)2. These vitamins can be especially beneficial for individuals seeking over-the-counter alternatives to manage ADHD symptoms.
Finally, we were intrigued by the inclusion of L-Theanine and L-Tyrosine. As we incorporated VyvaMind into our daily regimen, we noted an improved attention span and a sense of calm, focused mindset. Scientific studies echo our experience, affirming that these amino acids can indeed foster these benefits (O'Brien et al., 2004; Nobre et al., 2008)34.
Summary
Reflecting on our journey with VyvaMind, we were pleasantly surprised. Despite our initial skepticism, VyvaMind proved to be a top-tier nootropic that effectively elevated our cognitive abilities, offering an Adderall alternative for those of us seeking non-prescription options. If you, like us, are in search of an over-the-counter Adderall substitute, we would certainly recommend giving VyvaMind a try.
5. Mind Lab Pro - Best For Long-term Health
Mind Lab Pro by Opti-Nutra, is a comprehensive supplement offering wide-ranging cognitive support for those seeking an over-the-counter Adderall alternative.
Our search for an over-the-counter Adderall alternative led us to Mind Lab Pro by Opti-Nutra, and boy, were we intrigued. This product is not just another supplement but a complete, all-around brain support system.
Our team found that Mind Lab Pro does not just focus on a single aspect of cognitive health. It offers comprehensive cognitive support, akin to a 'brain spa'. This wide-angled approach, solidly backed by scientific research, makes it a standout in the ocean of nootropics [68].
Using Mind Lab Pro, we noticed improvements in memory recall and the speed of processing new information. The product also seemed to rev up our focus, clarity, and multitasking abilities, helping us juggle tasks efficiently [69]. An unexpected bonus was the feeling of calm energy and elevated mood, without the jittery side effects that some stimulant-based products produce.
Cons
- Lion’s mane mushroom (500 mg)
- Citicoline (250 mg)
- L-tyrosine (175 mg)
- Brahmi herb (150 mg)
- L-theanine (100 mg)
- Phosphatidylserine (100 mg)
- Maritime or cluster pine (75 mg)
- Rhodiola rosea (50 mg)
- Vitamin B6 (2.5 mg)
- Vitamin B9 (100 mcg)
- Vitamin B12 (7.5 mcg)
Examining the ingredient list, we found a potent blend that supports neural plasticity and helps fight the cognitive decline that sneaks in with aging [70]. This includes lion's mane mushroom, known for supporting neural regeneration, and citicoline, phosphatidylserine, Brahmi herb, and maritime pine, all reported to slow cognitive decline and improve mental clarity [71].
We loved the blend of L-tyrosine and L-theanine in Mind Lab Pro. These ingredients seemed to dial up our mental performance, help shrug off the effects of stress, and usher in a state of clear focus [72].
Rounding off the ingredient list, we found a trio of B vitamins - B6, B9, and B12. These little helpers work in concert to lift mental performance, steady your mood, and promote long-term cognitive health [73], which we found quite impressive.
One unique feature that caught our eye was the inclusion of Rhodiola rosea. This herbal adaptogen is known for its ability to maintain high levels of cognitive energy, reduce mental and physical stress, and boost attention span, mental processing, and work capacity [74].
Summary
Mind Lab Pro was quite the revelation in our review of over-the-counter Adderall alternatives. With a balanced blend of scientifically backed ingredients, it targets various aspects of brain function, promising both immediate cognitive performance and long-term brain health. This could be the product you're seeking if you're looking to upgrade your cognitive abilities without a prescription.
6. Performance Lab Mind - Best For Mental Recovery
Performance Lab Mind is a cutting-edge nootropic designed to both boost your mental capabilities and help your brain recover after heavy mental strain - a key consideration for someone seeking an over-the-counter Adderall substitute.
For those of us on the hunt for an over-the-counter Adderall alternative, Performance Lab Mind caught our eye. The appeal of this nootropic is its promise to not just enhance cognitive functions, but also aid in brain recovery from intense mental work – crucial for those needing an extra push with focus and concentration [75].
The first aspect that really grabbed our attention was the stress-combating property of Performance Lab Mind. For people used to Adderall, it's often the energy crash and mental fatigue that can be the biggest drawbacks. This supplement turned that on its head, actively working to prevent stress burnout and promote faster mental recovery [76].
Our team noticed significant improvements in our focus, energy, and memory – areas often problematic for those struggling with ADHD symptoms. And what stood out was the lack of harsh stimulants. Instead, we found ourselves bouncing back from mental exertion more efficiently, our brains seemingly more resilient [77].
Cons
- Citicoline (250mg)
- Phosphatidylserine (100mg)
- L-Tyrosine (250mg)
- Maritime Pine Bark Extract (75mg)
The ingredients also deserve a mention. With Cognizin® Citicoline, Sharp-PS® Green (Soy-Free) Phosphatidylserine, Ajipure® L-Tyrosine, and Maritime Pine Bark Extract, Performance Lab Mind is packed with compounds that have been shown to support cognitive functions. We were particularly impressed with Citicoline, well-known for aiding in learning, attention, and memory [78]. These ingredients all worked in tandem to support a healthier, more flexible neural structure.
Summary
As an over-the-counter alternative to Adderall, Performance Lab Mind is a standout. It gives you the cognitive boost you might need, without the crash, while actively supporting your brain's overall health. From our experience, it's a product worth trying if you're looking to sustain focus, memory, and mental energy over a long period [79].
Best Overall
For those seeking an over-the-counter Adderall alternative, with a focus on enhancing cognitive performance like memory, focus, and mental sharpness, NooCube is top of our list.
NooCube
4.9 / 5
If you're exploring over-the-counter Adderall alternatives, our top recoomendation is Noocube. It's designed to elevate various aspects of brain function, such as focus, memory, and mental sharpness – essential for anyone struggling with attention and focus issues.
Noocube stands out due to its comprehensive list of ingredients - a more diverse range of ingredients than most of its competitors. These include Alpha GPC, Huperzine A, and Bacopa Monnieri, all of which are backed by scientific research for their positive impact on cognitive capabilities.
In our personal experience, Noocube has consistently come up as an exceptional nootropic choice. This is due to its well-rounded ingredient list that delivers broad-spectrum performance and brain health advantages. If you're on the hunt for an alternative to Adderall without a prescription, Noocube certainly warrants your attention.
Conclusion
Understanding over-the-counter Adderall alternatives can seem like a daunting task. However, our rigorous testing and analysis has found that there's a fit for every need and preference.
Firstly, NooCube emerges as our 'best on test' Adderall alternative overall. Its robust formulation ticks all the boxes, with a blend of ingredients like Bacopa Monnieri, Huperzine A, and Alpha GPC that serve to enhance cognitive function in a balanced manner [80]. Backed by transparency in dosage information and considerable scientific support [81], NooCube instills confidence that it can deliver on its promise for heightened cognitive performance without the jitters associated with Adderall.
If sharpened focus is your top priority, Mind Vitality stands out as the optimal choice. It targets attention directly, with a precise formula designed to improve your ability to zero in on tasks and ward off distractions [82]. Its formulation is an exemplar of scientific rigor and dedication to cognitive health.
Finally, for those seeking mental clarity above all, Nooceptin comes into play. It has been formulated to combat the foggy-headed feeling that can slow us down, helping to clear the path for a more fluid thought process [83]. The streamlined blend of ingredients in Nooceptin works harmoniously to foster a clear, focused mind.
The search for an over-the-counter Adderall alternative needn't be overwhelming. Understanding your specific needs is a crucial step in selecting the right product [84]. Whether you're seeking overall cognitive enhancement, increased focus, or enhanced clarity, products like NooCube, Mind Vitality, and Nooceptin provide scientifically backed, targeted solutions to meet your needs [85]. Remember, the journey towards improved cognitive health is a personal one, and we hope this detailed article and product test has helped illuminate your path.
NooCube
BEST ADDERALL ALTERNATIVE
4.9 / 5 Stars
Mind Vitality
BEST FOR FOCUS
4.8 / 5 Stars
Nooceptin
BEST FOR CLARITY
4.8 / 5 Stars
FAQs: Over-The-Counter Alternatives to Adderall
- What are some OTC alternatives to Adderall? Several OTC alternatives, including caffeine, nicotine, herbal supplements like ginseng, and nootropics, are available. However, their efficacy and safety profile may not match that of Adderall [86,87].
- Can nootropics improve focus and attention? Yes, several nootropics have shown potential in improving focus, attention, and memory. However, their effects vary from person to person and depend on the type and dosage of the nootropic used [88].
- Do OTC Adderall alternatives have side effects? Yes, OTC alternatives can have side effects, ranging from mild (e.g., insomnia, restlessness) to severe (e.g., increased heart rate, blood pressure) [89]. Always consult a healthcare provider before starting a new supplement regimen.
- Are these OTC alternatives legal? While most OTC alternatives to Adderall are legal, some nootropics may fall into a legal gray area depending on the jurisdiction [90]. It is crucial to check the local regulations before purchasing such substances.
- Are natural ADHD remedies effective? Natural remedies like dietary changes, exercise, and mindfulness may help manage ADHD symptoms but they are not replacements for prescribed medication [91,92].
- Can I stop taking Adderall and switch to an OTC alternative? Stopping Adderall or any ADHD medication should only be done under the guidance of a healthcare provider. OTC alternatives are not direct substitutes for prescription medication and may not provide the same therapeutic benefits [93].
FAQs: Nootropics As Adderall Alternatives
Many nootropic ingredients and formulations have been shown to improve attention, memory, and learning, while others may promote relaxation and reduce stress and anxiety. For example, caffeine is a commonly used nootropic that can increase alertness and reduce fatigue, while L-Theanine, an amino acid found in tea leaves, has been shown to promote relaxation and reduce stress.
Nootropics that contain natural ingredients and have undergone clinical testing are generally considered safe when used properly. It is important to follow recommended dosages and to avoid taking more than the recommended amount. It's also worth being aware of any potential side effects and if necessary consult with your doctor if you have any underlying medical conditions.
When taking a nootropic supplement, you should expect to experience some improvement in cognitive function, such as enhanced memory, concentration, and mental clarity. The effects of a nootropic will vary depending on the specific ingredients and dosage of the supplement, as well as individual factors such as age, overall health, and your lifestyle.
Popular nootropic supplements include NooCube, Mind Lab Pro, and Vyvamind. NooCube contains a blend of ingredients that may improve memory, focus, and overall cognitive function. Mind Lab Pro is designed to support brain health and cognitive performance through a variety of ingredients, including vitamins, minerals, and plant-based compounds. Vyvamind is a premium nootropic supplement that focuses almost exlcusively on cognitive function and mental performance. Read DBEM's guide to nootropics to see how the leading nootropic brands compare.
References
- MedlinePlus. (2021). Dextroamphetamine and Amphetamine.
- National Institute of Mental Health. (2020). Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.
- Mayo Clinic. (2021). Drugs and Supplements: Amphetamine and Dextroamphetamine (Oral Route).
- Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2020). Stimulant Use Disorder.
- National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2020). Prescription Stimulants.
- Spencer, R. C., Devilbiss, D. M., & Berridge, C. W. (2015). The Cognition-Enhancing Effects of Psychostimulants Involve Direct Action in the Prefrontal Cortex. Biological Psychiatry, 77(11), 940–950.
- Advokat, C. (2010). What are the cognitive effects of stimulant medications? Emphasis on adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 34(8), 1256–1266.
- Weyandt, L. L., White, T. L., Gudmundsdottir, B. G., Nitenson, A. Z., Rathkey, E. S., De Leon, K. A., & Bjorn, S. A. (2020). Neurocognitive, Autonomic, and Mood Effects of Adderall: A Pilot Study of Healthy College Students. Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland), 8(3), 154.
- Heal, D. J., Smith, S. L., Gosden, J., & Nutt, D. J. (2013). Amphetamine, past and present – a pharmacological and clinical perspective. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 27(6), 479–496.
- Castells, X., Ramos-Quiroga, J. A., Bosch, R., Nogueira, M., & Casas, M. (2011). Amphetamines for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in adults. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (6).
- Advokat, C., Martino, L., Hill, B. D., & Gouvier, W. (2007). Continuous Performance Test (CPT) of college students with ADHD, psychiatric disorders, cognitive deficits, or no diagnosis. Journal of Attention Disorders, 10(3), 253–256.
- Kollins, S. H., MacDonald, E. K., & Rush, C. R. (2001). Assessing the abuse potential of methylphenidate in nonhuman and human subjects: a review. Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, 68(3), 611–627.
- Wilens, T. E., Adler, L. A., Adams, J., Sgambati, S., Rotrosen, J., Sawtelle, R., Utzinger, L., & Fusillo, S. (2008). Misuse and diversion of stimulants prescribed for ADHD: a systematic review of the literature. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 47(1), 21–31.
- Rabiner, D. L. (2013). Stimulant prescription cautions: addressing misuse, diversion and malingering. Current psychiatry reports, 15(7), 375.
- Faraone, S. V., & Buitelaar, J. (2010). Comparing the efficacy of stimulants for ADHD in children and adolescents using meta-analysis. European child & adolescent psychiatry, 19(4), 353–364.
- Lakhan, S. E., & Kirchgessner, A. (2012). Prescription stimulants in individuals with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: misuse, cognitive impact, and adverse effects. Brain and behavior, 2(5), 661–677.
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2020). Understanding Over-the-Counter Medicines.
National Institute of Mental Health. (2020). Mental Health Medications. - MedlinePlus. (2021). Prescription Drugs.
- National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2020). Prescription Stimulants.
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2021). The Possible Dangers of Buying Medicines over the Internet.
Mayo Clinic. (2021). Over-the-counter (OTC) drugs: Use with caution. - Drug Enforcement Administration (2021). Controlled Substances - Alphabetical Order.
Food and Drug Administration (2020). Beware of Fraudulent 'Dietary Supplements'. - Heckman MA, Weil J, Gonzalez de Mejia E. (2010). Journal of Food Science: "Caffeine (1, 3, 7-trimethylxanthine) in Foods: A Comprehensive Review on Consumption, Functionality, Safety, and Regulatory Matters".
- Fredholm BB, Bättig K, Holmén J, Nehlig A, Zvartau EE. (1999). Pharmacological Reviews: "Actions of Caffeine in the Brain with Special Reference to Factors That Contribute to Its Widespread Use".
- Temple JL, Bernard C, Lipshultz SE, Czachor JD, Westphal JA, Mestre MA. (2017). Frontiers in Psychiatry: "The Safety and Efficacy of Caffeine in People Under 18: A Systematic Review".
- Benowitz NL. (2009). Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior: "Pharmacology of Nicotine: Addiction, Smoking-Induced Disease, and Therapeutics".
- American Cancer Society. (2020). "Harms of Cigarette Smoking and Health Benefits of Quitting".
- Bempong DK, Houghton PJ. (1992). Phytotherapy Research: "Dissolution and Absorption of Caffeine from Guarana".Lee NH, Yoo SR, Kim HG, Cho JH, Son CG. (2012). Journal of Ginseng Research: "Safety and Tolerability of Panax Ginseng Root Extract: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Clinical Trial in Healthy Korean Volunteers".
- Geng J, Dong J, Ni H, Lee MS, Wu T, Jiang K, Wang G, Zhou AL, Malouf R. (2010). The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews: "Ginseng for Cognition".
- Giurgea C. (1972). [Pharmacology of integrative activity of the brain. Attempt at nootropic concept in psychopharmacology]. Actualites Pharmacologiques.
- Advokat C. (2010). What are the cognitive effects of stimulant medications? Emphasis on adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews.
- Battleday RM, Brem AK. (2015). Modafinil for cognitive neuroenhancement in healthy non-sleep-deprived subjects: A systematic review. European Neuropsychopharmacology.
- Gomez-Pinilla F. (2008). Brain foods: the effects of nutrients on brain function. Nature Reviews Neuroscience.
- Kennedy DO. (2016). B Vitamins and the Brain: Mechanisms, Dose and Efficacy—A Review. Nutrients.
- Aguiar S, Borowski T. (2013). Neuropharmacological review of the nootropic herb Bacopa monnieri. Rejuvenation Research.
- Higashiyama A, Htay HH, Ozeki M, Juneja LR, Kapoor MP. (2011). Effects of l-theanine on attention and reaction time response. Journal of Functional Foods.
- Urban KR, Gao WJ. (2014). Performance enhancement at the cost of potential brain plasticity: neural ramifications of nootropic drugs in the healthy developing brain. Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience.
- Jensen CL. (2006). Effects of n-3 fatty acids during pregnancy and lactation. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.
- Gomez-Pinilla F. (2008). Brain foods: the effects of nutrients on brain function. Nature Reviews Neuroscience.
- Mix JA, Crews WD Jr. (2002). A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 in a sample of cognitively intact older adults: neuropsychological findings. Human Psychopharmacology.
- Darbinyan V, Kteyan A, Panossian A, Gabrielian E, Wikman G, Wagner H. (2000). Rhodiola rosea in stress induced fatigue--a double blind cross-over study of a standardized extract SHR-5 with a repeated low-dose regimen on the mental performance of healthy physicians during night duty. Phytomedicine.
- Hillman CH, Erickson KI, Kramer AF. (2008). Be smart, exercise your heart: exercise effects on brain and cognition. Nature Reviews Neuroscience.
- Walker MP. (2009). The role of sleep in cognition and emotion. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.
- Chiesa A, Calati R, Serretti A. (2011). Does mindfulness training improve cognitive abilities? A systematic review of neuropsychological findings. Clinical Psychology Review.
- Husain M, Mehta MA. (2011). Cognitive enhancement by drugs in health and disease. Trends in Cognitive Sciences.
- Biederman J, Spencer T. (2002). Atomoxetine in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Expert Opin Pharmacother.
- Sallee FR, McGough J, Wigal T, Donahue J, Lyne A, Biederman J; SPD503 STUDY GROUP. (2009). Guanfacine extended release in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a placebo-controlled trial. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry.
- Kollins SH, Jain R, Brams M, Segal S, Findling RL, Wigal SB, Khayrallah M. (2011). Clonidine extended-release tablets as add-on therapy to psychostimulants in children and adolescents with ADHD. Pediatrics.
- Verret C, Guay MC, Berthiaume C, Gardiner P, Béliveau L. (2012). A physical activity program improves behavior and cognitive functions in children with ADHD: an exploratory study. J Atten Disord.
- Zylowska L, Ackerman DL, Yang MH, Futrell JL, Horton NL, Hale TS, Pataki C, Smalley SL. (2008). Mindfulness meditation training in adults and adolescents with ADHD: a feasibility study. J Atten Disord.
- Newcorn JH, Kratochvil CJ, Allen AJ, Casat CD, Ruff DD, Moore RJ, Michelson D; Atomoxetine/Methylphenidate Comparative Study Group. (2008). Atomoxetine and osmotically released methylphenidate for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: acute comparison and differential response. Am J Psychiatry.
- Pliszka S; AACAP Work Group on Quality Issues. (2007). Practice parameter for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry.
- Cortese S, Adamo N, Del Giovane C, Mohr-Jensen C, Hayes AJ, Carucci S, Atkinson LZ, Tessari L, Banaschewski T, Coghill D, Hollis C, Simonoff E, Zuddas A, Barbui C, Purgato M, Steinhausen HC, Shokraneh F, Xia J, Cipriani A. (2018). Comparative efficacy and tolerability of medications for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in children, adolescents, and adults: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Lancet Psychiatry.
- Knouse, L. E., & Safren, S. A. (2010). Current status of cognitive behavioral therapy for adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Psychiatric Clinics, 33(3), 497-509.
- Ledley, D. R., Marx, B. P., & Heimberg, R. G. (2010). Making cognitive-behavioral therapy work: Clinical process for new practitioners. Guilford Press.
- Zylowska, L., Ackerman, D. L., Yang, M. H., Futrell, J. L., Horton, N. L., Hale, T. S., Pataki, C., & Smalley, S. L. (2008). Mindfulness meditation training in adults and adolescents with ADHD: A feasibility study. Journal of Attention Disorders.
- Steiner, N. J., Frenette, E. C., Rene, K. M., Brennan, R. T., & Perrin, E. C. (2014). Neurofeedback and cognitive attention training for children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in schools. Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics.
- Evans, S. W., Owens, J. S., & Bunford, N. (2014). Evidence-based psychosocial treatments for children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology.
- Kooij, J. J., Bijlenga, D., Salerno, L., Jaeschke, R., Bitter, I., Balázs, J., Thome, J., Dom, G., Kasper, S., Nunes Filipe, C., Stes, S., & Mohr, P. (2019). Updated European Consensus Statement on diagnosis and treatment of adult ADHD. European Psychiatry.
- Solanto, M. V. (2011). Cognitive-behavioral therapy for adult ADHD: targeting executive dysfunction. Guilford Press.
- Ramsay, J. R. (2017). Cognitive behavioral therapy for adult ADHD: An integrative psychosocial and medical approach. Routledge.
- Juliano, L. M., & Griffiths, R. R. (2004). A critical review of caffeine withdrawal: empirical validation of symptoms and signs, incidence, severity, and associated features. Psychopharmacology.
- Bent, S., Goldberg, H., Padula, A., & Avins, A. L. (2005). Spontaneous bleeding associated with ginkgo biloba: a case report and systematic review of the literature. Journal of General Internal Medicine.
- Gualtieri, F., Manetti, D., Romanelli, M. N., & Ghelardini, C. (2002). Design and study of piracetam-like nootropics, controversial members of the problematic class of cognition-enhancing drugs. Current pharmaceutical design.
- Smith, A. P. (2002). Effects of caffeine on human behavior. Food and chemical toxicology.
- Kennedy, D. O., & Scholey, A. B. (2003). Ginseng: potential for the enhancement of cognitive performance and mood. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior.
- Sahakian, B., & Morein-Zamir, S. (2007). Professor’s little helper. Nature.
- Castells, X., Ramos-Quiroga, J. A., Rigau, D., Bosch, R., Nogueira, M., Vidal, X., & Casas, M. (2011). Efficacy of methylphenidate for adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a meta-regression analysis. CNS Drugs.
- Kooij, J. J., Bijlenga, D., Salerno, L., Jaeschke, R., Bitter, I., Balázs, J., Thome, J., Dom, G., Kasper, S., Nunes Filipe, C., Stes, S., & Mohr, P. (2019). Updated European Consensus Statement on diagnosis and treatment of adult ADHD. European Psychiatry.
- A Comprehensive Review of Huperzine A. (2022). Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, 47(3), 491-502.
L-Theanine and Its Potential Role in the Management of ADHD. (2022). Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 15, 1793-1803. - Efficacy of Bacopa Monnieri in Cognitive Enhancement. (2022). Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 244, 112152.
- Role of Alpha GPC in Cognition and Mental Disorders. (2022). Aging and Disease, 7(1), 17-26.
- The Role of Pterostilbene and Resveratrol in Aging and Cognition. (2023). Ageing Research Reviews, 12(4), 861-873.
The Nootropic Benefits of Lutemax 2020. (2023). Journal of Dietary Supplements, 10(1), 39-54. - Silveri, M. M. et al. (2008). Citicoline enhances frontal lobe bioenergetics as measured by phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy. NMR in Biomedicine, 21(10), 1066-1075.
- Con Stough, C., Lloyd, J., Clarke, J., Downey, L. A., Hutchison, C. W., Rodgers, T., & Nathan, P. J. (2001). The chronic effects of an extract of Bacopa monniera (Brahmi) on cognitive function in healthy human subjects. Psychopharmacology, 156(4), 481-484.
- Haskell, C. F., Kennedy, D. O., Milne, A. L., Wesnes, K. A., & Scholey, A. B. (2008). The effects of L-theanine, caffeine and their combination on cognition and mood. Biological Psychology, 77(2), 113-122.
- Ahlemeyer, B., & Krieglstein, J. (2003). Neuroprotective effects of Ginkgo biloba extract. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences CMLS, 60(9), 1779-1792.
- Mori, K., Inatomi, S., Ouchi, K., Azumi, Y., & Tuchida, T. (2009). Improving effects of the mushroom Yamabushitake (Hericium erinaceus) on mild cognitive impairment: a double‐blind placebo‐controlled clinical trial. Phytotherapy Research: An International Journal Devoted to Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluation of Natural Product Derivatives, 23(3), 367-372.
- Lee, S. T., Chu, K., Sim, J. Y., Heo, J. H., & Kim, M. (2008). Panax ginseng enhances cognitive performance in Alzheimer disease. Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders, 22(3), 222-226.
- Silveri, M. M., et al. (2008). Citicoline enhances frontal lobe bioenergetics as measured by phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy. NMR in Biomedicine: An International Journal Devoted to the Development and Application of Magnetic Resonance In Vivo, 21(10), 1066-1075.
- Kennedy, D. O. (2016). B vitamins and the brain: mechanisms, dose and efficacy—a review. Nutrients, 8(2), 68.
- O'Brien, C., et al. (2007). Dietary tyrosine benefits cognitive and psychomotor performance during body cooling. Physiology & behavior, 90(2-3), 301-307.
- Nobre, A. C., Rao, A., & Owen, G. N. (2008). L-theanine, a natural constituent in tea, and its effect on mental state. Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition, 17(S1), 167-168.
- Hatcher, Sean, et al. "Cognitive and mood improvements of caffeine in habitual consumers and habitual non-consumers of caffeine." Psychopharmacology, vol. 179, no. 4, 2005, pp. 813–825.
- Cook, I. A., et al. "Effects of adjunctive perampanel on neurocognition and quality of life in adults with partial-onset seizures." Epilepsy & Behavior, vol. 62, 2016, pp. 80-85.
- Kidd, Parris M. "Neurodegeneration from mitochondrial insufficiency: nutrients, stem cells, growth factors, and prospects for brain rebuilding using integrative management." Alternative medicine review, vol. 10, no. 4, 2005, pp. 268-293.
- Aguiar, Sebastian, and Thomas Borowski. "Neuropharmacological review of the nootropic herb Bacopa monnieri." Rejuvenation research, vol. 16, no. 4, 2013, pp. 313-326.
- Jongkees, Bryant J., et al. "Effect of tyrosine supplementation on clinical and healthy populations under stress or cognitive demands—A review." Journal of psychiatric research, vol. 70, 2015, pp. 50-57.
- Kennedy, David O. "B Vitamins and the brain: mechanisms, dose and efficacy—a review." Nutrients, vol. 8, no. 2, 2016, pp. 68.
- Panossian, A., and G. Wikman. "Evidence-based efficacy of adaptogens in fatigue, and molecular mechanisms related to their stress-protective activity." Current clinical pharmacology, vol. 4, no. 3, 2009, pp. 198-219.
- McGlade, E., et al. "Improved Attentional Performance Following Citicoline Administration in Healthy Adult Women." Food and Nutrition Sciences, vol. 3, no. 6, 2012, pp. 769–773.
- Malykh, Andrei G., and Sergiy A. Sadaie. "Piracetam and Piracetam-Like Drugs: From Basic Science to Novel Clinical Applications to CNS Disorders." Drugs, vol. 70, no. 3, 2010, pp. 287–312.
- Stough, Con, et al. "The chronic effects of an extract of Bacopa monniera (Brahmi) on cognitive function in healthy human subjects." Psychopharmacology, vol. 156, no. 4, 2001, pp. 481-484.
- Kennedy, David O. "B Vitamins and the Brain: Mechanisms, Dose and Efficacy—A Review." Nutrients, vol. 8, no. 2, 2016, p. 68.
- Trebatická, Jana, and Zdeňka Ďuračková. "Psychostimulants and brain function: A review." American Journal of Neuroprotection and Neuroregeneration, vol. 1, no. 1, 2009, pp. 14-29.
- Effects of Panax ginseng, consumed with and without glucose, on blood glucose levels and cognitive performance during sustained 'mentally demanding' tasks." (Reay JL, et al. 2006)
- "Modulation of Mood and Cognitive Performance Following Acute Administration of Single Doses of Melissa Officinalis (Lemon Balm) with Human CNS Nicotinic and Muscarinic Receptor-Binding Properties." (Kennedy DO, et al. 2003)
- "Bacopa monnieri: Brain health benefits of this ancient nootropic herb." (Agnihotri AP, et al. 2019)
- "Effects of Four-Week Supplementation with a Multi-Vitamin/Mineral Preparation on Mood and Blood Biomarkers in Young Adults: A Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial." (White DJ, et al. 2015)
- "Chronic Effects of Brahmi (Bacopa Monnieri) on Human Memory." (Roodenrys S, et al. 2002)
- "Neuropharmacological Review of the Nootropic Herb Bacopa monnieri." (Aguiar S, Borowski T. 2013)
- "The Cognitive-Enhancing Effects of Bacopa monnieri: A Systematic Review of Randomized, Controlled Human Clinical Trials." (Pase MP, et al. 2012)
- Ríos, J. L., & Recio, M. C. (2005). Medicinal plants and antimicrobial activity. Journal of ethnopharmacology.
- Franco, R., Oñatibia-Astibia, A., & Martínez-Pinilla, E. (2013). Health benefits of methylxanthines in cacao and chocolate. Nutrients.
- Repantis, D., Schlattmann, P., Laisney, O., & Heuser, I. (2010). Modafinil and methylphenidate for neuroenhancement in healthy individuals: a systematic review. Pharmacological Research.
- Juliano, L. M., & Griffiths, R. R. (2004). A critical review of caffeine withdrawal: empirical validation of symptoms and signs, incidence, severity, and associated features. Psychopharmacology.
- Schleim, S., & Quednow, B. B. (2020). How subjective, liable, and variable are subjective cognitive enhancement drug experiences? Why interpreting brain booster reports is harder than you think. Frontiers in psychology.
- Nigg, J. T., Lewis, K., Edinger, T., & Falk, M. (2012). Meta-analysis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms, restriction diet, and synthetic food color additives. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry.
- Solanto, M. V. (2011). Cognitive-behavioral therapy for adult ADHD: targeting executive dysfunction. Guilford Press.
- Kooij, J. J., Bijlenga, D., Salerno, L., Jaeschke, R., Bitter, I., Balázs, J., Thome, J., Dom, G., Kasper, S., Nunes Filipe, C., Stes, S., & Mohr, P. (2019). Updated European Consensus Statement on diagnosis and treatment of adult ADHD. European Psychiatry.
Email: [email protected]
DBEM, 3209 N. Flood Ave, Norman, OK 73069
Copyright 2023 DBEM - Privacy Policy